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Self-help program

What causes depression?

Depression is a subtle illness that gradually creeps into one’s life.

Depression is also a fairly common illness that anyone can develop.

In the video (1:49), Chief Physician Suoma Saarni explains the common underlying factors of depression. You will also hear why it can be useful to reflect on the causes behind your own symptoms.

What factors contribute to the development of depression?

The causes behind depression cannot always be determined, and there is often no single cause.

However, some factors can increase the risk of developing depression over either the long or short term. These are called predisposing factors and triggering stress factors.

Predisposing factors

Factors that may increase the risk of developing depression over the long term include, among other things:

  • genetic factors
  • chronic physical illnesses and injuries
  • previously experienced depression or another mental health disorder
  • stressful experiences earlier in life, such as bullying at school or neglect during childhood

Triggering stress factors

Triggering stress factors are referred to when a stressful event has occurred close to the onset of the illness.

These may include, for example:

  • divorce
  • moving
  • loss of a job
  • death of a loved one
  • financial difficulties
  • problems in relationships
  • reduced leisure time
  • a busy or fast‑paced lifestyle

It is good to note that positive life changes, such as the birth of a child, moving, or renovating, can also cause strain and stress. Triggering stress factors are therefore not always negative experiences.

In the next video (2:37), people who have experienced depression share examples of things they believe contributed to the development of their depression.

Remember

Factors that protect against depression include, for example:

  • sufficient sleep and rest
  • adequate physical activity
  • social support (family, hobby groups, friends)
  • abstaining from substance use.

Exercise: Factors Contributing to My Depression

Goal

You understand what kinds of factors lie behind your depression.

Instructions

Reflect on and list the things that have contributed to the development of your depression.

Consider both long-term factors and events that occurred around the time the depression began. Remember that positive events can also cause strain.

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Other things to consider

Symptoms of depression can sometimes also be related to an illness, medication, hormonal changes, or a deficiency. For example, depressive symptoms may be caused by hypothyroidism, menopause, excessive substance use, early stages of memory disorders, or a deficiency of vitamin B9 or B12.

If your condition changes in a way that concerns you, contact healthcare services. A professional should assess the situation and rule out other illnesses.

It can sometimes be difficult to notice the onset of depression on your own. It is also important to listen to observations made by those close to you.